Abstract: This paper discusses how Norbert Elias's theoretical-methodological framework may help to think about the relation between child and city. It investigates, from a theoretical view -but also from some research results-, what is the influence of spatial dimension in the networks of interdependencies of children. In order to do so, three important aspects for this type of knowledge production are highlighted: the Eliasian theoretical-methodological construct based on social configurations; the implications of this construct to think research studies with children; and the implications of it to understand how different children may live in such excluding cities, which are hierarchical and which produce inequalities. It is possible to conclude that this framework helps very much because it promotes a type of space comprehension as woven from different gradients of power and status, and as an element that relates the positions children and their families hold in the neighborhood and the city configurations. On the other hand, as children act in their own networks, they question, mean, tension, and change the territory such as any other citizen.

Resumen: Este artículo discute cómo el marco teórico-metodológico de Norbert Elias puede ayudar a pensar en la relación entre los niños y la ciudad. Investiga, desde el punto de vista teórico -pero también a partir de algunos resultados de investigación-, cuál es la influencia de la dimensión espacial en las redes de interdependencias de los niños. Para ello, se destacan tres aspectos importantes para este tipo de producción de conocimiento: el constructo teórico-metodológico eliasiano que parte de las configuraciones sociales; las implicaciones de este constructo para pensar los estudios de investigación con niños y niñas; y las implicaciones de esto para entender cómo pueden vivir niños y niñas diferentes en ciudades tan excluyentes, jerarquizadas y que producen desigualdades. Es posible concluir que esta referencia es muy útil ya que provoca un tipo de comprensión del espacio como tejido a partir de diferentes gradientes de poder y estatus, y como elemento que relaciona las posiciones que los niños y sus familias ocupan en las configuraciones del barrio y de la ciudad. Por otro lado, los niños, al actuar en sus propias redes, cuestionan, significan, tensionan y cambian el territorio como cualquier otro ciudadano.

Resumo: Discute-se aqui como o referencial teórico-metodológico de Norbert Elias pode ajudar a pensar sobre a relação entre criança e cidade. Investiga-se, do ponto de vista teórico – mas também a partir de alguns resultados de pesquisa –, qual a influência da dimensão espacial nas redes de interdependência de crianças. Para tal, destaca-se três aspectos importantes para esse tipo de produção do conhecimento: o construto teórico-metodológico eliasiano que parte de configurações sociais; as implicações deste construto para pensar pesquisas com crianças; e as implicações disso para compreender como diferentes crianças podem viver em cidades tão excludentes, hierarquizadas e produtoras de desigualdades. Conclui-se que este referencial ajuda muito pois provoca um tipo de compreensão do espaço como sendo tecido a partir de diferentes gradientes de poder e status e de acordo com as posições que as crianças e suas famílias ocupam na configuração do bairro e da cidade. Por outro lado, como a criança age na sua própria rede, ela questiona, significa, tensiona e altera o território como qualquer outro cidadão.

ABSTRACT: This study analyzes if there is inequality in the spatial experiences of children depending on where they live in the city and neighborhoods. It is a quantitative research study in which we analyzed 1060 questionnaires answered by families from 27 local schools in Curitiba, distributed in the nine regional coordination centers at the time. The data were analyzed based on authors from sociology, urban sociology, and geography. We observed that children who lived in the central-northern region of Curitiba and in the central regions of neighborhoods had more access to consolidated leisure and cultural places because they either lived near them or it was easier for them to go to these places (among other issues related to class, gender, race, time at the current neighborhood, family geographical origin). It demonstrates both a “residency effect”, responsible to generate opportunities, and spatial mobility that, as capital, pushed diverse experiences in the city. For children who lived in the poor and on the outskirts of the neighborhood and, further, living in south or extreme south Curitiba (when inter and intra-neighborhood data are crossed), the neighborhood did not present itself as a resource, but as a restriction and spatial mobility seemed to be a scarce urban capital. The configuration was one of a non-social mixture among children who lived in different parts of neighborhoods and the city. The city proved to be spatially unfair and the neighborhood presented itself as a model, teaching superior positions and status to some children and subalternity and sedentariness to others.

RESUMEN: Se analiza si hay desigualdad en las experiencias espaciales de chavales según el sitio y el barrio donde viven. Mediante una investigación cuantitativa, fueron analizados 1060 cuestionarios contestados por familias de chavales de 27 escuelas de la intendencia de Curitiba, ubicadas en 9 departamentos regionales. Los datos fueron tomados bajo un marco teórico basado en la Sociología, Sociología Urbana, Infancia y Geografía. Se observó que los chicos que viven en la región norte-central de la ciudad y de las regiones centrales de los barrios tuvieron más accesibilidad a los sitios consolidados de ocio y cultura, pues vivían cerca o porque tenían más facilidad para desplazarse hacia ellos (de entre otras cuestiones como clase, género, raza, tiempo en la vivienda, origen geográfico de las familias), subrayando tanto un “efecto vivienda” generador de oportunidades como la movilidad espacial que, igual que el capital, estimulaba diversas experiencias en la ciudad. Sin embargo, para los que vivían en la zona pobre y periférica del barrio, incluso cuando vivían al sur o extremo sur de la ciudad (cotejando los datos interbarrios con los intrabarrios), el barrio no se erigió como un recurso, sino como una limitación. La movilidad espacial se presentó como un capital urbano escaso. La configuración fue la de una no mezcla social entre los chavales que viven en distintos rincones del barrio y de la ciudad. Esta se manifestó espacialmente injusta, mientras que el barrio demostró adaptarse, enseñando posiciones y status superior a algunos chicos y subordinación y sedentarismo a otros.

RESUMO: Analisa-se aqui se há desigualdade nas experiências espaciais de crianças a depender do local da cidade e do bairro onde moram. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa em que foram analisados 1060 questionários respondidos por famílias de crianças de 27 escolas municipais de Curitiba, distribuídas nas 9 regionais da cidade, à época. Os dados foram analisados a partir de autores da sociologia, da sociologia urbana, da infância e da geografia. Verificou-se que crianças moradoras da região norte-central da cidade e de regiões centrais dos bairros tiveram maior acesso a locais consolidados de lazer e cultura, pois moravam próximas desses locais ou tinham maior facilidade de se locomover até eles (dentre outras questões relacionadas à classe, gênero, raça, tempo de moradia no bairro, origem geográfica das famílias), demonstrando tanto um “efeito residência” gerador de oportunidades quanto uma mobilidade espacial que, como capital, impulsionava experiências diversificadas na cidade. Já para as crianças que moravam na parte pobre e periférica do bairro e, ainda mais, se eram moradoras do sul e do extremo sul da cidade (quando se cruza dados interbairros com intrabairros), o bairro não se apresentou como um recurso, mas sim como uma restrição, e a mobilidade espacial pareceu ser um capital urbano escasso. A configuração foi a de uma não mistura social entre crianças moradoras de diferentes partes do bairro e da cidade. A cidade se mostrou injusta espacialmente, e o bairro apresentou-se modelar, ensinando posições e status superior a algumas crianças e subalternidade e sedentarismo para outras.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the immediate region of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State. METHODS: Samples and epidemiological data were collected from 105 patients. RESULTS: Leishmania infection was observed in 58 (55.2%) patients, and Leishmania braziliensis was present in 82.9% of the 41 sequenced samples. Infected patients were predominantly male (93.1%). Leishmania infection was twice as prevalent among rural inhabitants versus urban inhabitants. Lesions were more frequent in the upper limbs (arms/hands, 41.82%). CONCLUSIONS: The present data corroborate the zoonotic profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis; this information could help to improve surveillance and control strategies.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma lista das espécies de borboletas frugívoras ocorrentes em florestas da Mata Atlântica, nas Unidades de Conservação: Floresta Nacional de Chapecó (FLONA), Estação Ecológica da Mata Preta (ESEC) e Parque Estadual das Araucárias (PAEAR) e fragmentos florestais adjacentes, localizados na Região Oeste de Santa Catarina. Foram realizadas três campanhas de coletas entre dezembro de 2017 e março de 2018, totalizando 24 dias de coletas em cada área amostral. Para a captura das borboletas frugívoras, foram utilizadas armadilhas Van Someren-Rydon. Foram registradas 4231 borboletas frugívoras pertencentes a quatro subfamílias, 12 tribos e 49 espécies. Foram amostradas 37 espécies de borboletas frugívoras na FLONA e 29 nos fragmentos florestais adjacentes. Na ESEC 29 espécies e 33 nos fragmentos florestais adjacentes. No PAEAR 33 espécies e 28 nos fragmentos florestais adjacentes. Do total de espécies registradas, 15 espécies de borboletas frugívoras são novos registros para o estado de Santa Catarina e 11 são novos registros para a região oeste do estado. As espécies mais abundantes para a FLONA foram: Manataria hercyna (Hübner, 1821) e Hermeuptychia sp. Na ESEC, foram Hermeuptychia sp. e Yphthimoides ordinaria (Freitas, Kaminski & Mielke, 2012). No PAEAR verificou-se maior abundância das espécies Forsterinaria quantius (Godart, 1824) e Eryphanes reevesii (Doubleday, 1849). Para os fragmentos florestais adjacentes das Unidades de Conservação houve maior abundância das espécies: Hermeuptychia sp., Moneuptychia soter (Butler, 1877), Morpho epistrophus (Fabricius, 1796) e Forsterinaria quantius (Godart, 1824). Satyrinae apresentou maior riqueza (S=34) e abundância (90,58%) de borboletas frugívoras em todas as áreas amostradas. As curvas de rarefação e extrapolação, para as Unidades de Conservação e fragmentos florestais adjacentes mostraram uma maior ascendência nas unidades amostrais da FLONA e PAEAR e seus fragmentos florestais adjacentes. A cobertura estimada de amostragem para as borboletas frugívoras, para as Unidades de Conservação e fragmentos florestais, ficou acima de 97%. A riqueza calculada através do estimador Jackknife 1, mostrou-se superior à riqueza observada, sendo que para as amostragens na FLONA e PAEAR, o estimador apresentou um valor de 50,75 e 37,09, respectivamente. A fauna de borboletas frugívoras da região, investigada pela primeira vez em áreas de Unidades de Conservação, mostrou-se bastante expressiva e bem representada no Bioma Mata Atlântica, indicando seu potencial como refúgio da biodiversidade.

Abstract: This study aimed to present a list of the species of frugivorous butterflies occurring in Atlantic Forests, in the Conservation Units: National Forest of Chapecó (FLONA), Ecological Station of Mata Preta (ESEC) and State Park of Araucárias (PAEAR) and adjacent forest fragments, located in the western region of the state of Santa Catarina. Three samplings were conducted between December 2017 and March 2018, totaling 24 days of collection in each sampling area. Van Someren-Rydon traps were used to capture frugivorous butterflies. There were 4,231 frugivorous butterflies belonging to four subfamilies, 12 tribes and 49 species. In all, 37 species of frugivorous butterflies were sampled in FLONA and 29 in adjacent forest fragments. In ESEC, 29 species and 33 in adjacent forest fragments. In PAEAR, 33 species and 28 in adjacent forest fragments. Of the total species registered, 15 species are new records for the state of Santa Catarina and 11 are new records for the western region of the state. The most abundant species for FLONA were: Manataria hercyna (Hübner, 1821) and Hermeuptychia sp. In ESEC, were Hermeuptychia sp. and Yphthimoides ordinaria (Freitas, Kaminski & Mielke, 2012). In PAEAR, greater abundance of Forsterinaria quantius (Godart, 1824) and Eryphanes reevesii (Doubleday, 1849) were verified. For the adjacent forest fragments to Conservation Units, there was a greater abundance of Hermeuptychia sp., Moneuptychia soter (Butler, 1877), Morpho epistrophus (Fabricius, 1796) e Forsterinaria quantius (Godart, 1824). Satyrinae presented higher richness (S = 34) and abundance (90.58%) in all areas sampled. The rarefaction and extrapolation curves for the Conservation Units and adjacent forest fragments showed a greater rise in the FLONA and PAEAR sampling units and their adjacent forest fragments. The estimated sampling coverage for Conservation Unit and forest fragments was above 97%. The richness calculated through the Jackknife 1 estimator, for the FLONA and PAEAR samplings, presented a value of 50.75 and 37.09, respectively. The fauna of frugivorous butterflies from this region, first investigated in areas of Conservation Units, showed to be expressive and well represented in the Atlantic Forest Biome, indicating its potential as a refuge for biodiversity.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been prominent in orthopedic implants; however, it is inert, preventing interaction between the implant and adjacent bone tissues. One way to overcome this characteristic is physical modification its on surface by particle leaching promoting greater osseointegration. The objective of this research was to develop and characterize the PEEK using a surface modification technique via particle leaching. For of the samples, a layer deposition of NaCl was used on PEEK. This was subjected to the pressure of 850 kg/cm2 by 390ºC for 20 minutes. After cooling, were subjected to leaching process particles. The results indicated a porous surface exhibiting uniform and homogeneous morphology with defined pores interconected, to in the range of 140-373 µm, with an average diameter of 273 µm. These evidenced the considerable NaCl removal after the leaching process, with cavities from ideal sizes which promotes adequate cellular accommodation and distinct roughness, giving an overall possibility of being able to obtain a material more able to receive the cells while also possibly presenting cell viability. Although the compressive strength presented low values, it can still be suitable for applications in areas with a reduced modulus of elasticity.

Abstract Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has excellent properties, such as high biocompatibility and an elastic modulus similar to bone, which makes it a suitable biomaterial. When modified with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydroxyapatite (HA), its workability and bioactivity is enhanced, and this makes it of great importance in medicine. This study investigates a better combination of process parameters to manufacture sulfonated PEEK/HA (SPEEK/HA) membranes for biomaterials. Chemical, thermal, and biological analyses were carried out on all samples. The sulfonated structure was observed to enhance wettability, adhesion, and cell viability. Furthermore, an increase in the degree of sulfonation facilitated their workability as required for biomaterials; making them suitable for osseointegration. Besides, the SPEEK/HA membranes presented cell adhesion, confirming the viability to use as biomaterial. This study presents a cheap alternative method to easily process biomaterials of improved workability.

RESUMO O artigo discute sobre as configurações das identidades dos pedagogos, tendo como referência principal as múltiplas dimensões que são oferecidas e as atividades que esses profissionais assumem no campo de trabalho. As análises realizadas nesse texto partem principalmente das contribuições de Stuart Hall, Zygmunt Bauman e Norbert Elias. Por meio de uma pesquisa realizada com coordenadores pedagógicos de escolas públicas da cidade de Curitiba, podemos compreender que no processo de construção da identidade do pedagogo, coexistem duas disposições: uma escolhida e estruturada na formação acadêmica, e outra urdida no dia a dia através das reais condições estruturais e conjunturais encontradas nas escolas. Concluímos que a concepção acadêmica sobre a identidade do pedagogo foi transformada, mas as estruturas administrativas escolares permaneceram quase intactas. O resultado disso é uma precarização do trabalho do pedagogo, que passa a assumir praticamente todas as demandas que envolvem alunos e professores nas escolas.

ABSTRACT This article discusses the configurations of educationalist identities, having the multiple offered dimensions and the activities which are taken over by these professionals in their working area as a primary point of reference. The analyses made in this text owe a lot to the contributions of Stuart Hall, Zygmunt Bauman and Norbert Elias. Through a research done with pedagogical coordinators in public schools in Curitiba, we could see that two dispositions co-exist in the process of educationalist identity construction: one of them is chosen and structured during higher education, and the other one is produced in everyday situations through the real structural and conjunctural conditions present at schools. We concluded that the academic conception about educationalist identity was modified, yet the school administrative structures remain almost intact. It results in precarious conditions at the work of educationalists, who have to answer to almost all the demands that involve students and teachers at school.

RESUMO O poli (éter-éter-cetona) - (PEEK) é conhecido como um biomaterial alternativo para a substituição de materiais metálicos implantáveis. No entanto, para aplicações biomédicas ele é biologicamente inerte, impedindo uma boa interação entre o implante e os tecidos ósseos adjacentes, dificultando a sua aplicação. Uma maneira de superar o caráter inerte do PEEK é a modificação física da sua superfície pelo método de lixiviação de partículas. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar estruturas de PEEK com superfície modificada. Para a preparação das estruturas utilizou-se a técnica de deposição de uma camada de NaCl sobre o polímero. Esse material foi submetido a uma carga de 6 toneladas seguido de tratamento térmico a 390°C durante três diferentes tempos. Após o resfriamento, as amostras foram submetidas ao processo de lixiviação de partículas de NaCl. Em seguida, as estruturas foram caracterizadas por Microscopia Ótica, retilineidade e FTIR. O aumento de tempo no tratamento térmico conduziu as amostras a uma melhor conformação e preservação das cavidades presentes na superfície rugosa como consequência de uma melhor fusão do polímero, porém provocou uma menor efetividade na lixiviação das partículas de NaCl. No ensaio de retilineidade, a amostra que apresentou menor rugosidade foi a com maior tempo de tratamento térmico, possivelmente devido a uma maior quantidade de NaCl retido em sua superfície rugosa. A partir das observações dos espectros, as amostras de PEEK, quando comparadas à amostra controle, apresentaram um comportamento similar, não demonstrando alteração significativa no perfil entre os materiais estudados. Considerando os aspectos de processamento, a técnica desenvolvida nesta pesquisa demonstrou-se efetiva para a obtenção das amostras de PEEK com superfície modificada com diferentes tempos de tratamento térmico.

ABSTRACT The poly (ether ether ketone) - (PEEK) is known as an alternative biomaterial to replace the well-known successful implantable metallic materials. However, the main issue for PEEK as a biomedical implant it is biologically inert, preventing a good interaction between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue. One way to overcome the inert character of PEEK is the physical surface modification through the particle leaching method. In this way, this article has as goal to develop and to characterize PEEK structures which have modified surface. To prepare these structures it was used a deposition technique where a layer of NaCl is deposited over the polymer. The material was subjected to the load of 6 tons and heat treatment at 390°C in three different times. After cooling at room temperature, the samples were leached by NaCI particles process. Then, the structures were examined by optical microscopy, straightness and FTIR. According to analysis, increasing the heat treatment time results in a better polymer melting which leads better rough surfaces. The surfaces, in general, have better form, better maintaining and better depth recesses. However, increasing the heat treatment time produced a lower leaching effectiveness. In straightness test result, the sample showed less roughness was the sample with longer heat treatment, possibly due to a greater amount of NaCl retained in its roughened surface. From the observations of the FTIR spectra, samples of PEEK, when compared to the control sample showed a similar behavior, showing no significant change in the profile of the studied materials. Considering the process, the technique developed in this article showed to be effective obtaining PEEK samples morphologically modified by different heat treatment time.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of egg yolk and seminal plasma on the viability of cryopreserved goat semen. To this end, four fertile Saanen bucks, aged between 10 months and 1 year, and weighing 18 to 25 kg, were used. Semen was collected from each buck by the artificial vagina method at the end of breeding season (June-July). The extender used was the yolk citrate, which was split into two equal aliquots: 5% egg yolk (2.5 mL egg yolk: 47.5 mL citrate solution) were added to one of the samples and 10% egg yolk (5.0 mL egg yolk: 45.0 mL citrate solution) were added to another. The sperm motility and vigor after thawing and post thermal resistance test (TRT) were evaluated and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the F test at 5.0% probability. The observed values for motility and vigor after thawing and post thermal resistance test (TRT), fast and slow, according to the presence of seminal plasma and egg yolk percentage were: 5% egg yolk with plasma (25.0% and 3.3; 1.60% and 0.7; 12.36% and 1.6, respectively); 5% egg yolk without plasma (23.61% and 3.1; 1.25% and 0.2; 9.93% and 1.3, respectively); 10% egg yolk with plasma (30.8% and 3.3; 4.4% and 1.9; 19.5% and 2.7, respectively); and 10% egg yolk without plasma (13.4% and 2.5; 4.1% and 0.5; 17.0% and 1.0, respectively). There were significant differences between the analyzed data in relation to semen with or without plasma at different percentages of egg yolk, and the group that presented the best results was 10% egg yolk citrate in extender with plasma. The presence of seminal plasma and higher concentration of egg yolk in extender provide a higher viability of cryopreserved goat semen.

este relato de pesquisa teve como objetivo ouvir o que as crianças dizem sobre a fisioterapia. A pesquisa contou com a participação de sete crianças com doenças crônicas que faziam fisioterapia por tempo indeterminado, em um hospital e em um centro de fisioterapia. Essas crianças foram entrevistadas a partir de questionamentos relativos à doença, ao tratamento e sobre brincar durante a fisioterapia. Propôs-se pesquisar com as crianças e não sobre elas, tendo em vista que a infância é uma categoria social e que as doenças crônicas sugerem mais atenção quanto à qualidade de vida infantil. Este estudo demonstra a possibilidade de uma aproximação efetiva com a educação, por meio da Sociologia da Infância, e da Saúde no âmbito de humanizar a relação entre fisioterapeuta e criança. Com os resultados, foi possível identificar que essas crianças relacionam a doença ao problema e à melhora, traduzindo a trajetória que a doença impõe em suas vidas. A doença é a geradora da hospitalização e do motivo de realizarem a fisioterapia, que é considerada o tratamento que atua no seu problema e objetiva sua melhora. As crianças deixam claro que querem brincar mais, sendo, assim, o planejar do brincar terapêutico nas clínicas e hospitais necessário. Conclui-se, portanto, que é indispensável incluir a terapia lúdica, para que brincar na fisioterapia seja prazeroso, estimulante, na tentativa de objetivar o brincar terapêutico. Esse é o desafio. Por esse viés, pode-se dizer que reabilitar, também, requer conhecimento pedagógico.

The aim of this research report was to listen to what children have to say about physiotherapy. Seven children with chronic diseases, who were being seen in physiotherapy in a hospital and a physiotherapy center for an indefinite period, participated in the study. These children were interviewed, and the questions related to their disease, treatment and play during physiotherapy. The study was designed from the children's point of view rather than being about them. Childhood is understood as a social category and chronic diseases require more concern for children's quality of life. This study demonstrates the possibility of bringing together education, through Sociology of Childhood, and Health, as an effort to humanize the relationship between therapist and child. The results showed that these children relate their diseases to the problem and to their improvement, and they are able to interpret the trajectory that the disease imposes on their lives. Disease is the generator of hospitalization and the reason they must do physiotherapy, which is understood as the treatment that acts upon their problem, in order to promote their improvement. Children clearly report that they want to play more, indicating the importance of planning therapeutic play in clinics and hospitals. We conclude that including recreational therapy is essential, in order for play in physiotherapy to be pleasant, stimulating, aiming for therapeutic play. That is the challenge. From this approach, it can be stated that rehabilitation also requires educational knowledge.

OBJETIVO: A identificação de fatores comportamentais e clínicos associados à tuberculose pulmonar pode melhorar a detecção e o tratamento dessa doença, consequentemente reduzindo sua duração e transmissão. Nosso objetivo foi identificar fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e comportamentais associados à tuberculose pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado entre abril de 2008 e março de 2009 em três unidades de saúde na cidade de Fortaleza (CE). Foram selecionados 233 pacientes maiores de 14 anos que procuraram atendimento médico espontaneamente e que apresentavam tosse por > 2 semanas. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e comportamentais. Foram realizadas baciloscopia direta para BAAR e cultura de micobactérias, bem como testes tuberculínicos e radiografias de tórax. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (com e sem tuberculose pulmonar). As variáveis categóricas foram comparadas com o teste do qui-quadrado, seguido de análise de regressão logística quando as variáveis foram consideradas significativas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tuberculose pulmonar foi 41,2%. As OR não ajustadas indicaram que as seguintes variáveis foram fatores de risco significativos para tuberculose pulmonar: febre (OR = 2,39; IC95%: 1,34-4,30), anorexia (OR = 3,69; IC95%: 2,03-6,75) e perda de peso (OR = 3,37; IC95%: 1,76-6,62). Na análise multivariada, apenas perda de peso (OR = 3,31; IC95%: 1,78-6,14) associou-se significativamente com tuberculose pulmonar. CONCLUSÕES: Em áreas com elevada prevalência de tuberculose, a perda de peso poderia ser utilizada como um indicador de tuberculose pulmonar em pacientes com tosse crônica por > 2 semanas.

OBJECTIVE: The identification of behavioral and clinical factors that are associated with pulmonary tuberculosis might improve the detection and treatment of the disease, thereby reducing its duration and transmission. Our objective was to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors that are associated with the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between April of 2008 and March of 2009 at three health care clinics in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. We selected 233 patients older than 14 years of age who spontaneously sought medical attention and presented with cough for > 2 weeks. Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data were collected. Sputum smear microscopy for AFB and mycobacterial culture were also carried out, as were tuberculin skin tests and chest X-rays. The patients were divided into two groups (with and without pulmonary tuberculosis). The categorical variables were compared by the chi-square test, followed by logistic regression analysis when the variables were considered significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 41.2%. The unadjusted OR showed that the following variables were statistically significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis: fever (OR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.34-4.30), anorexia (OR = 3.69; 95% CI, 2.03-6.75), and weight loss (OR = 3.37; 95% CI, 1.76-6.62). In the multivariate analysis, only weight loss (OR = 3.31; 95% CI, 1.78-6.14) was significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: In areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis, weight loss could be used as an indicator of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with chronic cough for > 2 weeks.

A presente pesquisa procurou examinar o modo como a noção de cultura escolar vem sendo apropriada pelas pesquisas que tomam a escola brasileira como objeto de estudo, especialmente no que se refere às investigações sobre o ensino fundamental. Para isso, realizou-se um levantamento da produção discente dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu entre os anos de 1987 e 2007, conforme registro do Banco de Teses da Capes. Por meio desse balanço, foram selecionados 361 resumos de dissertações e teses que faziam referência ao termo cultura escolar. Em seguida, procedeu-se à elaboração de um instrumento que permitiu o exame de variáveis que puderam expressar as características de tal produção. A análise desses vinte anos de produção indica uma tendência de aumento dos estudos sobre cultura escolar ao longo dos anos, bem como uma concentração dessas pesquisas no eixo Sul-Sudeste do país. Além disso, foi constatada dispersão na orientação das pesquisas, havendo algum esforço de concentração apenas em poucos programas ou em alguns orientadores. Outra constatação refere-se à alta representatividade dos estudos relativos ao ensino fundamental, sobretudo aqueles que tratam de formação de professores, organização escolar por meio de ciclos, gestão escolar, política educacional, currículo e metodologias de ensino. Por fim, é possível concluir que a noção de cultura escolar tem sido significativa para a compreensão do ensino fundamental.

This research attempted to examine the way the notion of school culture has been appropriated by investigations that take the Brazilian schools as their object of study, especially those concerning research on elementary and intermediate schooling. It started with a survey of the students' production in graduate programs between 1987 and 2007, as found in the Theses Bank of Capes. After that, 361 abstracts from dissertations and theses were selected as they referred the term school culture. Next, an instrument was developed to examine the variables that could express the characteristics of such production. The analysis of twenty years of academic production indicates a tendency that studies on school culture has been on the rise along the years, as well as a concentration of such investigations in the South-Southeast axis of Brazil. In addition, dispersion was found in the supervision of researches, as there some effort of concentration just in a few programs or a few supervisors. Another finding concerns the high representativeness of studies related to elementary and intermediate schooling, mainly those dealing with teacher education and training, school organization by means of cycles, school management, educational policy, curriculum and teaching methodologies. Finally, one may conclude that the notion of school culture has been meaningful to understand the elementary and intermediate schooling.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of Jaccoud arthropathy (JA) in a sample of local systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and its clinical and serological associations. METHODS: 308 SLE patients from a single university center for the last two years were interviewed and examined. The presence of JA was searched for according to the JA index. After this, charts were reviewed for clinical and serological profile. RESULTS: The studied sample was composed by 94.5% females and 5.5% males with mean age of 38.08 ± 12.04 years and mean disease duration of 29.68 ± 11.63 years. A JA prevalence of 6.1% was found in this sample. There was a positive association of JA presence with arthritis complaints (p = 0.001) and a negative association with renal involvement (p = 0.028). Patients with JA had higher positivity for anti-dsDNA (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Despite the positive association of JA with arthritis and anti-dsDNA, there was a negative association with nephritis. This could suggest that JA patients belong with a SLE subset with a better prognosis.

A associação da leishmaniose visceral com o HIV/AIDS pode se manifestar com características de doença agressiva ou sem sintomas específicos, dificultando o diagnóstico. Este artigo descreve o resultado de testes diagnósticos aplicados a uma série de casos suspeitos de leishmaniose visceral em pacientes com HIV/AIDS internados em hospitais de referência de Pernambuco, Brasil. De 14 pacientes elegíveis com citopenias e/ou febre de etiologia indefinida, com indicações de mielograma, foram incluídos dez. Para o diagnóstico, foram empregados os seguintes exames: pesquisa de Leishmania em aspirado de medula óssea, DAT, IFI, rK39, PCR e a KAtex. Cinco dos dez pacientes foram diagnosticados com co-infecção. Entre os cinco co-infectados, o DAT foi positivo em todos, a pesquisa de Leishmania foi positiva em quatro, assim como o KAtex, o rK39 em três, a IFI em dois e a PCR positiva em apenas um. Esta série de casos foi a primeira realizada no Brasil utilizando esse conjunto de exames para detecção de co-infecção, no entanto, ainda não há consenso quanto aos exames mais adequados a serem aplicados para screening e acompanhamento desse grupo de pacientes.

HIV/AIDS-associated visceral leishmaniasis may display the characteristics of an aggressive disease or without specific symptoms at all, thus making diagnosis difficult. The present study describes the results of diagnostic tests applied to a series of suspected VL cases in HIV-infected/AIDS patients admitted in referral hospitals in Pernambuco, Brazil. From a total of 14 eligible patients with cytopenias and/or fever of an unknown etiology, and indication of bone marrow aspirate, 10 patients were selected for inclusion in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by the following examinations: Leishmania detection in bone marrow aspirate, direct agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescence, rK39 dipstick test, polymerase chain reaction and latex agglutination test. Five out of the ten patients were diagnosed with co-infection. A positive direct agglutination test was recorded for all five co-infected patients, the Leishmania detection and latex agglutination tests were positive in four patients, the rK39 dipstick test in three, the indirect immunofluorescence in two and a positive polymerase chain reaction was recorded for one patient. This series of cases was the first to be conducted in Brazil using this set of tests in order to detect co-infection. However, no consensus has thus far been reached regarding the most appropriate examination for the screening and monitoring of this group of patients.